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Central Asia Travel Guide

Embark on a journey to Central Asia, a land where empires once tread and where the echoes of ancient Silk Road caravans still linger. This is a region of sweeping steppes, majestic mountains, and sprawling deserts, where nomadic traditions meet the vestiges of the great khanates.

Between the towering peaks of the Tien Shan and the vast expanse of the Kazakh Steppe, you will discover cities adorned with turquoise domes, bazaars buzzing with life, and a rich tapestry of cultures that have shaped this crossroad of civilizations for millennia.

Discover our travel tips and articles for Central Asia !

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Quick Facts About Central Asia

  • Countries:
    • There are 6 countries in Central Asia Asia, the 6 “stans”.
    • Kazakhstan is the largest country, spanning from Siberia to the deserts near the Caspian Sea.
    • Tajikistan is the smallest country, predominantly mountainous, and famed for the Pamir Highway.
  • Key geographic facts:
    • Tien Shan Mountain Range: A major mountain system that stretches across several Central Asian countries.
    • Aral Sea: Once one of the world’s largest lakes, it has tragically shrunk significantly over recent decades.
    • Karakum Desert: Covering much of Turkmenistan, it’s one of the world’s driest deserts.
    • Kazakh Steppe: A vast grassland that covers over a third of Kazakhstan.
    • Pamir Highway: One of the world’s most scenic drives, traversing the mountainous terrains of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
  • Languages:
    • Each country has its official language (e.g., Kazakh in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzstan).
    • Russian remains widely spoken and understood across the region due to historical ties.
  • Religions:
    • Islam: Predominantly Sunni, it’s the major religion in all Central Asian countries except for Afghanistan, which has a significant Shia population.
    • Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and Orthodox Christianity have historical roots in the region, with traces of their influence still visible in places.

Central Asia, A Region of Many Records

  • Ismoil Somoni Peak: Located in Tajikistan, this is the highest mountain in the former USSR, standing at 7,495 meters.

  • Lake Issyk-Kul: Found in Kyrgyzstan, it’s the second-largest mountain lake in the world and never freezes despite its altitude.

  • Aral Sea: Once the world’s fourth-largest lake, it now stands as a testament to one of the most severe environmental disasters caused by human activities.

  • Baikonur Cosmodrome: Located in Kazakhstan, it’s the world’s oldest and largest space launch facility.

  • Darvaza Gas Crater: Often called the “Door to Hell,” this burning gas crater in Turkmenistan has been on fire since the 1970s.

  • Silk Road Cities: Central Asia boasts numerous ancient cities like Samarkand and Bukhara which were major stops on the historical Silk Road.

10 Handpicked Central Asia Highlights

10 fantastic places and experiences in Central Asia, in no particular order.

  1. Registan Square, Samarkand: This UNESCO World Heritage site in Uzbekistan is flanked by three grand madrasahs and is a stellar example of Islamic architecture.
  2. Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan: Surrounded by snow-capped mountains, this saline lake is a paradise for beach lovers, trekkers, and nature enthusiasts.
  3. Sulayman Mountain, Osh: Revered in both Islamic and pre-Islamic tradition, this mountain in Kyrgyzstan offers panoramic views of Osh and its surroundings.
  4. Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum, Samarkand: The final resting place of Tamerlane, its intricate designs and turquoise dome are a sight to behold.
  5. Charyn Canyon, Kazakhstan: Often compared to the Grand Canyon, this natural wonder offers unique rock formations and a scenic valley known as the Valley of Castles.
  6. Merv, Turkmenistan: Once a major oasis-city on the Silk Road, the ruins of ancient Merv are a window into the region’s rich history.
  7. Pamir Highway: Connecting Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, this road offers treacherous but breathtaking views of the ‘Roof of the World.’
  8. Khiva’s Ancient City: A well-preserved city in Uzbekistan, Khiva’s winding alleys, towering minarets, and ancient walls transport visitors back in time.
  9. Altyn Emel National Park, Kazakhstan: Home to the Singing Dune, a phenomenon where the sand dune hums, and unique landscapes, it’s a haven for nature lovers.
  10. Balkh, Afghanistan: Often referred to as the ‘Mother of Cities’, Balkh holds historical significance as it was once a center for learning and culture.

When to Go to Central Asia

Central Asia experiences a continental climate characterized by cold winters and hot summers. The region’s vastness means varied climates, but generally:

  • Spring (April to June): This is one of the best times to visit, with blooming landscapes, comfortable temperatures, and fewer tourists.
  • Summer (July to August): It can get extremely hot, especially in the lowlands. The mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan remain cooler and are popular for trekking.
  • Autumn (September to early November): A great time for sightseeing, with mild temperatures and golden landscapes.
  • Winter (December to February): It’s cold, especially in mountain areas. However, it’s the perfect time for winter sports enthusiasts, particularly in Kazakhstan’s ski resorts.

Traveling to Central Asia

Staying Safe

While Central Asia offers a rich tapestry of history and culture, it’s essential to be mindful of safety. Some areas, especially parts of Afghanistan, are currently not safe for tourists due to ongoing conflict.

  • Always check the latest travel advisories for the specific country you plan to visit.
  • Avoid travel to Afghanistan’s conflict zones.
  • Be cautious in areas near borders, as they can be sensitive regions.
  • Respect local customs and dress modestly, especially in religious places.
  • Avoid discussing sensitive political topics.
  • Ensure you have a local guide when exploring remote areas.
  • Keep your belongings secure and be wary of pickpockets in crowded places.
  • Always have copies of your travel documents.
  • In cities, avoid poorly lit areas at night.
  • Always inform someone trustworthy about your travel itinerary.

Getting There and Around 

  • Major international airports include Almaty and Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan), Tashkent (Uzbekistan), and Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan). Airlines such as Air Astana, Uzbekistan Airways, and Turkmenistan Airlines connect Central Asia to the world.
  • The region is connected by an extensive rail network, with the Trans-Aral Railway being a significant route.
  • Buses and shared taxis (marshrutkas) are the most common means for short distances. Renting a car is also an option, but ensure you’re prepared for the rugged terrains.

Accommodation

In Central Asia, you’ll find a range of accommodation options from luxury hotels in major cities to basic guesthouses in remote areas. In rural regions, many tourists opt for homestays or yurts, giving them an authentic experience.

Prices vary, but generally, Central Asia offers value for money compared to Western standards. The level of comfort might differ, so it’s essential to check reviews before booking. Always consider proximity to major attractions and transport links when choosing your stay.