Colombia, the land of enchanting landscapes, diverse cultures, and the world’s best coffee, is home to the alluring Cattleya trianae, an orchid so captivating that it was chosen as the national flower.
Let’s embark on a floral journey, exploring this stunning specimen that embodies Colombia’s rich biodiversity and vibrant spirit.
Description of Cattleya trianae
Cattleya trianae, known commonly as “Flor de Mayo” or “May Flower”, belongs to the Orchidaceae family. It is a perennial epiphyte characterized by its large, fragrant flowers that can reach up to 20 cm in diameter. Its striking bloom displays a rich blend of colors with pinkish-purple petals and sepals, and a lip that is typically a darker purple with a distinctive yellow or golden disc in the center.
This orchid usually blooms two, sometimes three times a year, between January and March, although the peak is typically in May, earning it the common name. The beautiful, long-lasting blooms, coupled with a delightful fragrance, make this flower a jewel in Colombia’s floral crown.
Cattleya trianae, like other members of its genus, has pseudobulbs – a specialized structure that helps the plant store water and nutrients, allowing it to survive in a variety of conditions, a testament to the adaptability and resilience of this spectacular flower.
Where Does Cattleya trianae Grow?
Cattleya trianae is endemic to Colombia, meaning it is naturally found only in this country. It thrives in the cloud forests of the Colombian Andes, typically at elevations between 1500 and 2000 meters.
These environments provide the cool, humid conditions the orchid favors. The plant typically grows on trees as an epiphyte, a strategy that allows it to reach the light it needs for photosynthesis while obtaining nutrients from the air and rain.
Cattleya trianae in The Ecosystem
As an epiphyte, Cattleya trianae plays an important role in its ecosystem. Growing on trees, it contributes to the vertical stratification of the forest, a critical aspect of biodiversity as it allows for the coexistence of various plant species in the same area. Cattleya trianae also helps recycle nutrients within the forest ecosystem, capturing nutrients from the air and rain that would otherwise be lost.
Moreover, the large, showy blooms of Cattleya trianae are not just for our aesthetic pleasure. They serve a vital function in attracting pollinators such as bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies, which are essential for the plant’s reproduction. By offering nectar as a reward, the flower entices these creatures, who then inadvertently carry pollen from one flower to another, facilitating cross-pollination.
While Cattleya trianae does not appear to be a primary food source for any specific animal species, it nonetheless contributes to the overall health and richness of the ecosystem, showcasing the interconnected nature of all life within the cloud forest.
Symbolism and Meaning: Why and When Did Cattleya trianae Become the National Flower of Colombia?
The Cattleya trianae, also known as the ‘Flor de Mayo’ or ‘Christmas Orchid,’ was declared the national flower of Colombia in 1936. This honor was bestowed upon the flower not just for its beauty, but also for what it symbolizes.
Cattleya trianae is named after the 19th-century Colombian botanist, Jerónimo Manuel González de la Espriella, known as Dr. José Jerónimo Triana. He made significant contributions to the field of botany in Colombia, so the flower’s name pays tribute to the nation’s scientific legacy.
As for its symbolism, Cattleya trianae represents Colombian patriotism and unity. Its colors, which echo those of the Colombian flag, add to the sense of national pride associated with this flower. Furthermore, the flower symbolizes resilience and survival, much like Colombia itself, which has endured a turbulent history but continues to thrive.
Names of Cattleya trianae
Cattleya trianae is known by several names. Its scientific name is a tribute to the aforementioned Colombian botanist, Dr. José Jerónimo Triana. In common parlance, it is often called the ‘Flor de Mayo’ (May Flower) due to its blooming period or the ‘Christmas Orchid’ because of its festive colors. It’s also sometimes referred to as ‘Lirio de Mayo’ (May Lily) in Spanish-speaking regions.
In the scientific community, the flower has been subject to several name changes due to taxonomic revisions over the years. It was first described in 1854 as ‘Cattleya labiata var. lawrenceana‘ before being renamed as ‘Cattleya lawrenceana‘ in 1855. It wasn’t until 1860 that it was finally classified as Cattleya trianae, the name we use today.
However, it’s worth noting that this orchid has no commonly recognized synonyms at the present time. Its distinctive characteristics and endemic nature in Colombia have kept it distinct in the realm of botanical nomenclature.
Interesting Facts About Cattleya trianae
- Cattleya trianae is considered one of the most beautiful orchids in the world due to its large, showy flowers and striking colors.
- The flower’s name is a tribute to the Colombian scientist José Jerónimo Triana, a renowned botanist and explorer of the 19th century.
- It’s a significant element of Colombian culture, with its image appearing on various national stamps and coins.
- Interestingly, Cattleya trianae does not have any known medicinal uses. However, its breathtaking beauty contributes to its use in floral arrangements and as a decorative plant.
- Despite being endemic to Colombia, Cattleya trianae has been successfully cultivated in various parts of the world, a testament to its adaptability.
How to Grow Cattleya trianae
Growing Cattleya trianae requires patience and an understanding of its natural habitat. Here are some guidelines:
- Light: Cattleya trianae needs a good amount of bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so make sure it’s filtered or diffused.
- Water: Water thoroughly once the potting mix is nearly dry, but do not allow the plant to sit in water. Overwatering can lead to root rot.
- Temperature: The plant prefers warm temperatures, ideally between 60-85°F (15-29°C). It can tolerate a wider range, but prolonged exposure to temperatures outside this range can stress the plant.
- Humidity: A humidity level of 50-80% is ideal. If the air is too dry, consider using a humidity tray or humidifier.
- Potting Mix: Cattleya trianae does well in a well-draining medium, like a mix of bark and perlite.
Remember, Cattleya trianae is a slow-growing plant, and it may take a few years before it flowers. Patience and consistent care are key to successfully growing this beautiful orchid.
Other Beautiful Flowers Found in Colombia
Colombia is known for its rich biodiversity, and this is well-reflected in its abundant flora. Apart from the stunning Cattleya trianae, here are other remarkable flowers that grace the Colombian landscape:
- Dahlia pinnata: This flower, also known as the garden dahlia, is native to Colombia and boasts vibrant, multi-petaled blooms in a variety of colors. It’s often cultivated for its decorative appeal.
- Passiflora mixta: Known commonly as the passion flower, it’s recognized for its unique, intricate structure and sweet fruit. Its vines climb trees, walls, and fences, offering a breathtaking sight when in full bloom.
- Heliconia rostrata: Also known as the lobster claw due to its distinctive shape, this flower is known for its brightly colored bracts, which are often red, yellow, or orange.
- Guaria Morada: Also an orchid, it’s characterized by its purple blooms and is often found in the cooler regions of Colombia.
- Copoazu: A species of Theobroma, this plant produces flowers directly from its trunk and large branches, a characteristic known as cauliflory. The flowers eventually give way to large, edible fruits.
Final Thoughts
Cattleya trianae, Colombia’s national flower, is a testament to the nation’s diverse flora and natural beauty. A symbol of unity and national pride, its breathtaking blooms reflect the colorful and vibrant spirit of the Colombian people.
Its presence in the ecosystem is a beacon of Colombia’s rich biodiversity, and its care and cultivation echo the people’s respect and love for their natural heritage.
Other National Symbols of Colombia
