Discover Indonesia’s National Tree: The Beringin (Weeping Fig)

Indonesia, an archipelago of immense beauty and cultural diversity, is home to a plethora of unique flora and fauna. Amongst the lush biodiversity, the Weeping Fig Tree, locally known as “Beringin,” stands tall, deeply rooted in the nation’s heritage and daily life.

This tree, while commonly found in many Indonesian landscapes, carries a weight of cultural significance and spiritual beliefs. With branches that stretch wide and roots that delve deep, the Beringin is a symbol of strength, resilience, and unity — reflecting the very essence of Indonesia itself.

Venture with us as we explore the enchanting world of Beringin, and discover why this tree is not just a plant, but a pivotal part of Indonesian identity. Be ready to unravel some of its mysterious legends and witness its profound connection with the country’s national philosophy.

Discover The Beringin, National Tree of Indonesia

The Weeping Fig Tree, scientifically known as Ficus benjamina, belongs to the Moraceae family, sharing its lineage with figs and mulberries.

It’s a versatile, evergreen tree that can reach heights ranging from 30 to 60 feet (9 to 18 meters), with a canopy that can span just as wide. The tree exhibits a lush array of dark green, glossy leaves, each elegantly drooping, giving rise to its “weeping” moniker.

These leaves are typically slender, measuring about 2-5 inches (5-12 cm) in length, and provide dense foliage that offers generous shade. The bark of the Beringin is smooth and light grey, creating a stark, beautiful contrast with its vibrant leaves.

One of the most distinctive features of this tree is its aerial roots, which, over time, can descend from the branches and establish themselves in the soil, forming additional trunks. This unique growth pattern symbolizes connectivity and unity, echoing the tree’s cultural significance in Indonesia.

The Beringin produces small, inconspicuous flowers, which are followed by small fruits that are a favorite amongst birds. These fruits, although not prominent in appearance, play a crucial role in seed dispersal, ensuring the propagation of this magnificent species.

Where Does The Beringin Grow?

The Beringin thrives in warm, tropical climates, making Indonesia’s abundant sunshine and ample rainfall the perfect habitat for this tree. It prefers well-drained soil and can often be found in lowland areas, although it is versatile and adapts to various environments.

Originally from South and Southeast Asia, the Beringin has found a harmonious existence in Indonesia, integrated into urban landscapes, and rural settings, and even revered in sacred forests.

The tree’s resilience and ability to flourish in diverse conditions reflect the spirit of Indonesia — a nation composed of thousands of islands, each with its own unique culture, yet united under one flag.

The Beringin’s presence across the archipelago serves as a living reminder of Indonesia’s unity in diversity, standing tall and proud in the face of challenges, much like the nation itself.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

The Beringin in the Ecosystem

The Beringin tree plays a vital role in its ecosystem, contributing to both biodiversity and environmental stability. Its dense foliage provides ample shade, creating a microhabitat beneath its branches, which is crucial in the hot, tropical climate of Indonesia. This shaded area helps to regulate temperature, maintain soil moisture, and provide habitat for numerous species.

Birds are particularly attracted to the Beringin, as its small fruits offer a source of food. In turn, these birds play a crucial role in seed dispersal, helping to propagate the Beringin and ensure its presence across the landscape. The aerial roots of the Beringin also provide unique nesting sites for certain bird species, further enhancing its importance to the avian community.

Insects, too, find refuge and sustenance in the Beringin tree. The complex structure of its branches and roots creates a myriad of microhabitats, supporting a diverse array of insect species. This, in turn, attracts insectivorous birds and bats, adding another layer to the Beringin’s ecological significance.

Moreover, the Beringin plays a role in traditional agroforestry systems in Indonesia, where it is often planted alongside crops. Its ability to improve soil quality and provide shade makes it a valuable companion in these agricultural settings, showcasing its utility beyond its cultural and ecological importance.

Why and When Did The Beringin Become The National Tree of Indonesia?

The Beringin’s journey to becoming the national tree of Indonesia is intertwined with the country’s history and cultural beliefs. Its robust nature, extensive root system, and expansive canopy make it a symbol of strength, resilience, and unity — qualities that resonate deeply with the Indonesian identity.

The tree’s symbolic nature is so powerful that it has been incorporated into the national emblem of Indonesia, known as Garuda Pancasila.

Here, the Beringin represents the principle of “The Unity of Indonesia,” a testament to its significance in embodying national values. This inclusion in the national emblem cements the Beringin’s status as a symbol of Indonesia, linking it directly to the country’s foundational philosophy.

The Beringin’s association with Indonesia’s cultural and spiritual life has deep roots. In many communities, the tree is believed to be the dwelling place of spirits and ancestors, granting it a sacred status. This connection to the spiritual realm adds another layer to the Beringin’s significance, showcasing its role in bridging the material and spiritual worlds.

The tree’s designation as the national tree of Indonesia does not come without its controversies, however. As urbanization and development have accelerated, the Beringin, like many other native species, has faced threats from habitat loss and environmental degradation.

This has sparked discussions and debates about conservation efforts, highlighting the need to balance economic development with the preservation of Indonesia’s natural and cultural heritage.

Despite these challenges, the Beringin remains a powerful symbol of Indonesia, its roots firmly entrenched in the nation’s history, culture, and daily life. Its status as the national tree serves as a constant reminder of the strength, resilience, and unity that define the Indonesian spirit, urging future generations to protect and cherish this remarkable tree.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Where is The Beringin Featured in Indonesia?

The Beringin tree has a prominent presence in various national symbols and institutions across Indonesia, reflecting its integral role in the country’s identity. Here are some of the notable places where the Beringin is featured:

National Emblem: Garuda Pancasila: The Beringin tree is depicted on the national emblem of Indonesia, Garuda Pancasila, symbolizing the principle of “The Unity of Indonesia.” This emblem is used by the government and appears on official documents, highlighting the Beringin’s status as a national symbol.

Political and Institutional Logos: The Beringin tree has been adopted as a symbol by several political parties, ministries, and cooperatives in Indonesia. Notably, it was the party symbol of Golkar during Suharto’s New Order period, making it one of the more recognizable political symbols of that era.

Names of The Beringin

The Beringin tree (Ficus benjamina) is known by various names, reflecting its widespread presence and significance across different cultures and regions. Here are some of the names and synonyms associated with the Beringin:

Common Names:

• Weeping Fig
• Benjamin Fig
• Ficus Tree

Traditional and Indigenous Names:

• Beringin (Indonesian)
• Waringin (Javanese)

The tree is sometimes colloquially referred to as a “banyan tree” in Indonesia, though it is important to note that the true banyan tree is a different species (Ficus benghalensis).

Interesting Facts About The Beringin

1. Symbol of Mystery and the Supernatural: In Indonesian folklore, the Beringin is often associated with the supernatural and is believed to be the dwelling place of spirits. Its expansive roots and grand stature contribute to its mysterious aura, making it a common element in local ghost stories and myths.
2. Ecological Importance: The Beringin plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, providing habitat for numerous bird and insect species. Its dense foliage and extensive root system help in soil conservation and temperature regulation, showcasing its environmental significance.
3. Cultural and Religious Significance: The tree is revered in various Indonesian cultures and is often planted near temples or used in religious ceremonies. Its sacred status underscores its importance in the spiritual life of the community, bridging the gap between nature and the divine.
4. Adaptations to Urban Environments: Interestingly, the Beringin has shown a remarkable ability to adapt to urban environments. It is commonly used as an ornamental plant in cities around the world, thriving in conditions that many other trees find challenging.
5. Artistic Inspirations: The Beringin has served as an inspiration for artists, poets, and writers in Indonesia and beyond. Its grandeur and symbolic meanings make it a compelling subject for creative expression, contributing to its cultural legacy.

Other Beautiful Trees Found in Indonesia

• Teak (Tectona grandis): This deciduous hardwood tree is renowned for its durable and water-resistant timber. Teak forests are abundant in Java and have played a vital role in the local economy.
• Dipterocarp Trees: These are a family of hardwood trees with species like Shorea, Dipterocarpus, and Dryobalanops. They are predominant in the Indonesian rainforests, contributing significantly to the timber industry.
• Rain Tree (Samanea saman): This large, fast-growing tree is known for its wide, umbrella-like canopy and is commonly found in parks and along roadsides throughout Indonesia, even though it is not native to the country.
• Durian Tree (Durio spp.): Known as the “king of fruits,” the durian tree produces large, odorous fruits that are a culinary delicacy in Indonesia, despite their controversial smell.
• Sandalwood (Santalum album): Native to eastern Indonesia, sandalwood is prized for its aromatic heartwood and oil, used in perfumes, incense, and traditional medicine.

What Is The National Flower of Indonesia?

The national flower of Indonesia is the Moon Orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis), locally known as “Anggrek Bulan.” This orchid species is admired for its elegant and fragrant blooms, featuring white petals with a hint of yellow in the center.

The Moon Orchid thrives in Indonesia’s tropical climate and can be found growing both in the wild and as a cultivated plant. It has a strong cultural presence and is a popular ornamental flower, symbolizing beauty, charm, and love.

Frequently Asked Questions

Other National Symbols of Indonesia

• All About Indonesia’s 3 Floral Emblems: Moon Orchid, Sambac Jasmine, and Rafflesia
• Meet The National Animal of Indonesia, The Komodo Dragon
• Meet The National Bird of Indonesia, The Javan Hawk-Eagle