Meet The National Bird of Japan, The Green Pheasant

Japan, a country steeped in tradition and rich in culture, proudly claims the Green Pheasant (Phasianus versicolor), also known as the Japanese Pheasant, as its national bird.

With its vibrant plumage and deep connection to Japanese folklore and history, the Green Pheasant is a symbol of good fortune, prosperity, and longevity in this East Asian nation. Featured in Japan’s oldest history books and various ancient collections of poems, this bird has played a pivotal role in the cultural heritage of Japan for centuries.

Prepare to embark on a journey as we explore the captivating world of the Green Pheasant, uncovering its unique characteristics, its esteemed position in Japanese culture, and some intriguing facts that make this bird a national treasure.

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Quick Info About The Green Pheasant

Scientific Name:	Phasianus versicolor
Average Size:	70-95 cm (27.6-37.4 inches)
Average Wingspan:	78-90 cm (30.7-35.4 inches)
Average Weight:	Males: 0.95-1.2 kg (2.1-2.6 lbs), Females: 0.75-0.9 kg (1.65-1.98 lbs)
Average Lifespan:	2-3 years in the wild, up to 11 years in captivity
Geographical Range:	Throughout Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and some smaller islands in Japan
Habitat:	Woodlands, forest edges, brush, grassland, parkland, and farmlands
Conservation Status:	Least Concern (IUCN Red List)

Meet The Green Pheasant, National Bird of Japan

The Green Pheasant stands out with its striking plumage, especially the males during the breeding season. Males exhibit a dazzling array of colors, with emerald green bodies, royal blue necks, and bright red faces.

Their wings and tail feathers feature a mix of brown-gray feathers, adorned with stripes on the long tail feathers. Females, on the other hand, have a more subdued variegated coloration of browns, lacking the bright colors of the males. This sexual dimorphism is typical in many bird species, where males are more brightly colored to attract mates.

In the ecosystem, the Green Pheasant plays a significant role as an omnivore. It feeds on a varied diet that includes small animals such as worms and insects, grains, and plants. This diet places them in the middle of the food chain, as they are preyed upon by larger predators such as foxes and birds of prey, while also serving as a control for certain pest species.

Their presence in various habitats from woodlands to farmlands underscores their adaptability and their integral role in maintaining ecological balance.

Where Does The Green Pheasant Live?

The Green Pheasant is primarily endemic to the Japanese archipelago. Within Japan, it can be found throughout the major islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, as well as on some smaller neighboring islands.

They primarily inhabit diverse environments that range from woodlands and forest edges to brush, grassland, parkland, and even human settlements. This bird’s adaptability also allows it to thrive in farmlands, where it might be seen foraging among crops.

It enjoys temperate climates, consistent with the varying seasons experienced in Japan. Though the Green Pheasant has been introduced to regions outside its native range, such as Hawaii and some parts of North America (but this was not very successful), it remains most at home in the habitats of Japan.

Why and When Did The Green Pheasant Become The National Bird of Japan?

The Green Pheasant was officially designated as the national bird of Japan in 1931, following a competition held by the Ministry of Education. This decision was influenced by the bird’s deep-rooted presence in Japanese culture and history, as well as its symbolic meanings.

In Japanese culture, the Green Pheasant is seen as a symbol of good fortune, prosperity, and longevity. It also represents the idea of harmony between nature and humankind, embodying strength and power while simultaneously symbolizing peace and tranquility. These connotations make the Green Pheasant a fitting emblem for the nation.

The Green Pheasant’s connection to Japanese folklore further solidifies its status as a national symbol. It is mentioned in Japan’s oldest history books, the Nihonshoki and the Kojiki, both of which were published in the 8th century. Additionally, the bird was mentioned in the Manyoshu, an ancient collection of poems dating back to the same period.

Despite its esteemed status, the designation of the Green Pheasant as the national bird has not been without controversy. Some have questioned the choice, pointing out that there are other birds with stronger connections to Japanese culture and history.

However, the Green Pheasant’s long-standing presence in Japanese folklore, its symbolic meanings, and its wide distribution across the country have helped to solidify its status as a national emblem.

Where is The Green Pheasant Featured in Japan?

While the Green Pheasant doesn’t grace the national flag or banknotes, its cultural and symbolic significance in Japan is undeniable. Its influence permeates various facets of Japanese society:

Sports: The Green Pheasant is an official mascot for various sports teams in Japan, including baseball teams and sumo wrestlers. The bird’s vivid colors and graceful presence often symbolize the teams’ spirit and vigor.

Literature and Folklore: As previously mentioned, the Green Pheasant features prominently in historical records and ancient poetry collections. Additionally, in the famous Japanese folklore of Momotarō, one of the hero’s animal companions is a pheasant, further emphasizing the bird’s integral role in Japanese storytelling.

Cultural Celebrations: The Green Pheasant’s symbolism of prosperity and good fortune makes it a popular motif in various cultural and seasonal celebrations, where it’s often featured in artworks, traditional garments, and decorations.

Local Names: The bird is fondly called “kiji” in Japan. This name often resonates in local parlance, naming places, establishments, and even products that wish to imbibe the essence of this cherished national symbol.

Names of The Green Pheasant

The Green Pheasant is known by several names, reflecting its significant presence in Japanese culture and wildlife. Its most common name in Japan is “Kiji,” but it is also recognized internationally as the Green Pheasant or Japanese Green Pheasant. The bird’s scientific name is Phasianus versicolor.

The bird does not have a wide variety of synonyms in scientific nomenclature, but its presence in ancient Japanese texts and folklore has given rise to various traditional and folk names over the centuries.

Is The Green Pheasant Endangered?

The Green Pheasant is listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not currently at immediate risk of extinction. However, this does not mean the bird is free from threats. Habitat loss due to urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation poses challenges to the Green Pheasant population.

Additionally, while they are a designated game species in Japan and hunting is regulated, illegal hunting can still occur, further threatening their numbers.

Conservation efforts for the Green Pheasant are in place, with habitat preservation being a key focus. Additionally, as a symbol of the country and an integral part of Japanese culture, there is a strong incentive to ensure the bird’s survival and prosperity.

Public awareness campaigns and educational programs also contribute to the conservation of this species, aiming to foster a sense of stewardship and responsibility among the Japanese people.

Interesting Facts About The Green Pheasant

Cultural Significance: The Green Pheasant holds a revered place in Japanese culture, symbolizing good fortune, prosperity, and longevity. It has appeared in Japan’s oldest history books and ancient collections of poems, showcasing its longstanding connection to Japanese heritage.
Symbol of Harmony: The Green Pheasant represents the idea of harmony between nature and humankind, a concept deeply ingrained in Japanese philosophy and way of life.
Earthquake Prediction: There is a local belief in Japan that Green Pheasants can sense earthquakes before they occur, and their calls are often thought to be an omen of seismic activity.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male Green Pheasants are significantly more colorful than their female counterparts, boasting emerald green feathers, a royal blue neck, and a bright red head. Females, on the other hand, have a variegated coloration of browns, providing them with camouflage during the breeding season.
Mascot for Sports Teams: The Green Pheasant serves as a mascot for various sports teams in Japan, from baseball teams to sumo wrestlers, symbolizing strength, perseverance, and agility.
Role in Folklore: The bird features prominently in Japanese legends and stories, including the famous tale of Momotaro, where a Green Pheasant aids the hero in his quest, further cementing the bird’s status as a cultural icon.
Adaptability: The Green Pheasant is highly adaptable, able to thrive in a variety of environments across Japan, from woodlands and forest edges to farmlands and urban areas.
Diet: Green Pheasants are omnivorous, with a diet consisting of small animals, grains, and plants. They contribute to the ecosystem by helping to control insect populations.
Breeding: The breeding season for Green Pheasants starts in March or April and ends in June. A single clutch can contain between six and fifteen eggs, which are incubated for 23 to 25 days.
Historic Mascot: Legends say the ancient sun goddess, Amaterasu, used pheasants as messengers, further highlighting the bird’s divine and mystical associations in Japanese culture.

Other Beautiful Birds Native To Japan

Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonensis): Known as “Tancho” in Japan, this elegant bird is a symbol of luck, longevity, and fidelity. The crane holds a special place in Japanese culture and can often be found in artworks and traditional ceremonies. It is also China’s national bird.
Japanese Bush Warbler (Horornis diphone): Locally known as “Uguisu,” this small, brown bird is famous for its melodious song. It is often associated with the arrival of spring and has a strong presence in Japanese poetry and literature.
Blakiston’s Fish Owl (Bubo blakistoni): This large owl species is native to Eastern Russia, China, North Korea, and Japan. It is considered endangered, with conservation efforts in place to protect its habitat. In Japanese culture, owls are often seen as symbols of good luck.
Copper Pheasant (Syrmaticus soemmerringii): Another pheasant species native to Japan, the Copper Pheasant is known for its striking appearance with long tail feathers and vibrant colors. They inhabit forested areas and are a beloved sight for birdwatchers.
Japanese Robin (Larvivora akahige): With its vibrant red breast and sweet song, the Japanese Robin is a favorite among bird enthusiasts in Japan. It is commonly found in wooded areas and gardens throughout the country.

What Is Another National Animal of Japan?

In addition to the Green Pheasant, the Koi Fish (specifically the Nishikigoi variety) holds a special place as a national symbol of Japan. The Koi Fish represents perseverance, strength, and good fortune. The vibrant colors and graceful movements of these fish have made them a popular feature in Japanese water gardens and ponds.

The Koi Fish’s ability to swim against the current is seen as a metaphor for overcoming adversity and achieving one’s goals, making it a powerful symbol of determination.

In Japanese folklore, it is believed that if a koi successfully swims up the Dragon Gate waterfall on the Yellow River, it will transform into a dragon, further emphasizing the themes of transformation and achievement.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is the Green Pheasant considered the national bird of Japan?

The Green Pheasant is native to Japan and has a significant presence in Japanese culture and folklore. It is considered a symbol of power, good fortune, and prosperity, making it a fitting choice for the national bird.

Can Green Pheasants be found outside of Japan?

While the Green Pheasant is primarily native to Japan, it has been introduced to other regions such as Hawaii and North America for hunting purposes. However, its primary habitat remains in Japan.

Are there any conservation concerns for the Green Pheasant?

The Green Pheasant is currently listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, but it does face threats from habitat loss, urbanization, and illegal hunting. Conservation efforts are in place to help protect its habitat and ensure its survival.

What does the Green Pheasant eat?

The Green Pheasant is omnivorous, with a diet consisting of small animals, grains, and plants. They play a role in controlling insect populations in their habitats.

Does the Green Pheasant have any special abilities or features?

The Green Pheasant is known for its striking appearance, especially the male’s vibrant colors and long tail feathers. They are also adaptable, and able to live in a variety of environments across Japan.