Discover Malaysia's National Tree: The Merbau (Malacca Teak)

Malaysia, a country renowned for its rich biodiversity and lush rainforests, is home to a myriad of unique flora and fauna. Among this plethora of natural wonders stands the majestic Merbau tree (Intsia palembanica), a hardwood species that has earned its title as the national tree of Malaysia.

On August 23, 2019, the then Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad officially declared the Merbau as a symbol of national pride and a testament to Malaysia’s commitment to sustainability. With its imposing stature and resilient nature, the Merbau tree represents the strength and diversity of Malaysia.

In this article, we delve into the world of the Merbau, exploring its characteristics, habitat, and significance to the Malaysian people and environment. Prepare to be captivated by the story of a tree that stands tall amidst challenges, much like the nation it represents.

Contents show

Discover The Merbau Tree, National Tree of Malaysia

The Merbau tree, scientifically known as Intsia palembanica, belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is a towering giant, capable of reaching up to 50 meters (164 feet) in height, making it one of the tallest trees in the tropical region. The tree exhibits a straight, robust trunk with a diameter of up to 2 meters (6.6 feet), providing a solid foundation for its expansive canopy.

The leaves of the Merbau are pinnately compound, measuring 15-30 cm (6-12 inches) in length, and consist of 11-15 leaflets. These leaflets are glossy, dark green, and have an oblong shape with a pointed tip. The flowers of the Merbau are small, yellowish, and grow in clusters. They give way to large, woody pods that contain seeds which play a crucial role in the propagation of the species.

The bark of the Merbau is dark brown to grey, with a rough texture. It is known for its durability and resistance to decay, making it a popular choice for construction and furniture. The wood of the Merbau is reddish-brown, with a fine texture and a distinct, pleasant aroma.

The Merbau tree has a unique growth form, characterized by its large buttresses and fluted trunk, which provide stability and support to the towering structure. This, combined with its ability to withstand harsh conditions, makes the Merbau a symbol of strength and resilience.

Where Does The Merbau Tree Grow?

The Merbau tree thrives in the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia, flourishing in countries like Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea.

It has also been found in the Solomon Islands and Fiji. In Malaysia, the Merbau is commonly found in lowland forests, particularly in swampy areas and along riverbanks.

The tree prefers well-drained soils and is tolerant of a variety of soil types, from sandy to clayey substrates. It requires ample sunlight for optimal growth and is typically found in regions with a warm, humid climate, where temperatures range from 24 to 30°C (75-86°F) and annual rainfall is abundant.

Interestingly, the Merbau has also found its way to Australia, where it is imported for its high-quality timber. In its native range, however, the Merbau is a crucial component of the ecosystem, playing a vital role in maintaining the health and balance of the rainforest habitat.

The Merbau Tree in the Ecosystem

The Merbau tree plays a crucial role in its native ecosystem, contributing to the biodiversity and stability of the tropical rainforests. Its large size and extensive root system help stabilize the soil, preventing erosion, and maintaining water quality in nearby rivers and streams.

The tree’s flowers and fruits serve as a food source for various species of wildlife. Birds are attracted to its small, yellowish flowers, while mammals such as monkeys and deer feed on its fruits and seeds. This relationship between the Merbau and local fauna aids in the dispersal of its seeds, ensuring the propagation of future generations.

Furthermore, the Merbau tree acts as a host for various types of epiphytes and vines, providing habitat and shelter for numerous insects and smaller wildlife. This intricate web of interactions underscores the tree’s significance in maintaining a balanced and thriving ecosystem.

Why and When Did The Merbau Tree Become The National Tree of Malaysia?

The selection of the Merbau as Malaysia’s national tree is deeply symbolic, reflecting the nation’s identity, strength, and commitment to environmental sustainability.

Announced by Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad on August 23, 2019, this declaration was made at the launch of the Hutan Kita (Our Forest) exhibition in Kuala Lumpur, emphasizing the government’s dedication to preserving the nation’s forests.

The Merbau was chosen for its hardiness and resilience, qualities that resonate with the Malaysian spirit. Standing tall in challenging environments, the Merbau embodies the nation’s ability to thrive amidst adversity. Furthermore, its widespread use in traditional medicine and construction highlights its importance in Malaysian culture and heritage.

This declaration also served as a response to international criticism, particularly from Western nations, regarding the sustainability of Malaysia’s palm oil industry. By adopting the Merbau as a national symbol, Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining at least 50% of its land area under forest cover, a pledge made at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992.

While the selection of the Merbau has generally been well-received, it is not without its challenges. The tree is highly sought after for its durable and attractive timber, leading to over-exploitation in some areas. Balancing the need for conservation with the demands of the timber industry remains an ongoing challenge for Malaysia.

In embracing the Merbau as a national symbol, Malaysia has taken a significant step towards highlighting the importance of forest conservation and sustainable development, ensuring that the lush rainforests that are so characteristic of the nation continue to thrive for generations to come.

Where is The Merbau Tree Featured in Malaysia?

As a national symbol, the Merbau tree holds a special place in the hearts of Malaysians. However, unlike some national trees in other countries, the Merbau is not prominently featured on national emblems such as the flag or bank notes. Its significance is more deeply rooted in cultural practices, traditional medicine, and the construction industry due to its durable timber.

The government, through various conservation programs and awareness campaigns, continuously highlights the importance of the Merbau, aiming to embed its value further into the national consciousness.

Names of The Merbau Tree

The Merbau tree is known by various names, reflecting its widespread distribution and significance across different cultures. In scientific terms, it is referred to as Intsia palembanica. Common names for this tree include Borneo teak, Malacca teak, Merbau, and Moluccan ironwood.

The name “Merbau” is widely used in Malaysia, while “Malacca teak” references the historical Malacca Sultanate, showcasing the tree’s historical presence and importance in the region.

In different countries where the Merbau is found, it may be known by other local names. In the Philippines, it is called “ipil,” and in Indonesia, it is referred to as “kayu besi,” meaning ironwood, highlighting the wood’s strength and durability. The diversity in names showcases the tree’s significance across Southeast Asian cultures and communities.

Interesting Facts About The Merbau Tree

Longevity and Size: Merbau trees are capable of reaching ages of up to 80 years or more, and they can grow up to 50 meters (164 feet) in height, making them one of the tallest tree species in the tropical rainforest.
Color-Changing Wood: The heartwood of the Merbau is unique as it can change color when cut, shifting from yellow-orange to brownish-red. This characteristic is not only fascinating but also makes Merbau wood highly sought after for furniture and flooring.
Resistant to Termites: Merbau wood is naturally resistant to termites and decay, making it an excellent choice for construction, especially in tropical climates where these issues are prevalent.
Cultural Significance: In various Southeast Asian cultures, the Merbau tree holds a special place. It is used in traditional medicine and is believed to have healing properties. The tree is also a symbol of strength and resilience.
Environmental Impact: While the Merbau is celebrated for its durable timber, the high demand has led to over-exploitation in some areas. This has prompted various conservation efforts to ensure the sustainability of Merbau populations and highlight the importance of responsible forestry practices.

Other Beautiful Trees Found in Malaysia

Rain Tree (Samanea saman): Known for its wide canopy, the Rain Tree provides extensive shade and is commonly found in parks and along roadways. It gets its name from the tendency of its leaves to fold up in the rain. It is native to South America.
Bintangor Tree (Calophyllum inophyllum): Found along coastal areas, the Bintangor Tree is known for its beautiful flowers and has various medicinal uses. Its seeds yield an oil used in traditional medicine.
Penaga Laut (Calophyllum soulattri): This tree is popular for its fragrant flowers and is believed to have various medicinal properties. It is often planted as an ornamental tree.
Mengkulang (Heritiera simplicifolia): Known for its durable timber, the Mengkulang is used in construction and furniture making. It has large, attractive leaves and produces a fruit that is popular among local wildlife.
Jelutong (Dyera costulata): This tall tree is known for its straight trunk and is a major source of latex. The Jelutong has been historically significant in the production of chewing gum.

What Is The National Flower of Malaysia?

The national flower of Malaysia is the Bunga Raya, also known as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. It was officially declared the national flower in 1960, chosen for its vibrant color, resilience, and ability to grow throughout the country.

The Bunga Raya symbolizes courage and strength, embodying the spirit of the Malaysian people. The red petals represent the strength and determination of the people, while the five petals symbolize the five Rukun Negara (National Principles) of Malaysia.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the Merbau tree symbolize in Malaysia?

The Merbau tree represents national pride and the government’s commitment to sustainability. It symbolizes strength, resilience, and the connection of the Malaysian people to their natural heritage.

How tall can a Merbau tree grow?

A Merbau tree can grow up to 50 meters (164 feet) in height, making it one of the tallest trees in the tropical rainforest.

Are there any conservation efforts in place for the Merbau tree in Malaysia?

Yes, there are various conservation efforts and sustainable forestry practices in place to protect the Merbau tree and ensure its populations remain stable.

What is the national flower of Malaysia, and does it have any relation to the Merbau tree?

The national flower of Malaysia is the Bunga Raya or Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. It does not have a direct relation to the Merbau tree, but like the Merbau, it holds significant cultural and national importance.

Can Merbau wood be used for furniture?

Yes, Merbau wood is highly sought after for furniture and flooring due to its strength, durability, and unique color-changing properties when cut. Its natural resistance to termites and decay makes it an excellent choice for construction in tropical climates.